Derivatives: The Definition and the Basic Rules
Unit 2: Differentiation: definition and fundamental properties · 5 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
Exam prep · AP Calculus AB
Calculus rewards instant recall of a short list of rules and theorems so that your working memory is free for the setup. Flashcards cover that list in a week; the rest of your time goes to released problems. Start with the free derivatives and integrals deck below.
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Unit 2: Differentiation: definition and fundamental properties · 5 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
Unit 7: Differential equations · 5 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
Unit 5: Analytical applications of differentiation · 5 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
Unit 6: Integration and accumulation of change · 4 min · Watch on YouTube · 30-second version
What is linear approximation?
Answer: f(x) ≈ f(a) + f'(a)(x − a) near x = a.
The tangent line as an estimate; differentials dy = f'(x)dx.
Geometric series sum
Answer: ∑ arⁿ (n from 0) = a / (1 − r) when |r| < 1
Diverges when |r| ≥ 1.
Taylor series of eˣ, sin x, cos x at 0
Answer: eˣ = ∑ xⁿ/n!; sin x = ∑ (−1)ⁿ x²ⁿ⁺¹/(2n+1)!; cos x = ∑ (−1)ⁿ x²ⁿ/(2n)!
All converge for every real x.
Ratio test
Answer: Let L = lim |aₙ₊₁ / aₙ|: converges absolutely if L < 1, diverges if L > 1, inconclusive if L = 1.
Best for factorials and exponentials.
What is the nth-term test for divergence?
Answer: If lim aₙ ≠ 0, the series ∑aₙ diverges.
Does not prove convergence when the limit is 0 (harmonic series).
What is an improper integral and when does it converge?
Answer: An integral with an infinite limit or an unbounded integrand; it converges if the limit of the proper integrals exists and is finite.
∫₁^∞ 1/xᵖ dx converges when p > 1.
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The AB units are a subset of BC. BC adds series, parametric and polar functions, and more integration techniques, which you would card the same way.
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